主题式复习讲座4——《机器人走入化学试题》: 120055h9wlwu59e8ul3tbe.png

<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: auto !important;"></span></section><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">人形机器人的全身都是黑科技：</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: rgb(28, 31, 35); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(28, 31, 35); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">材料让机器人有了灵活的关节，碳纤维让机器人有了轻便的</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:0pt;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">躯干，</span></span><span style="color: rgb(28, 31, 35); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">稀土永磁赋予了机器人的精准运动，电子皮肤使机器人有了触觉神经，传感器让机器人长了眼睛，各类电池给予了机器人无穷的力量。</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">一、</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">材料</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">材料主要用于人形机器人的关节、躯体和四肢骨架，它是一种具有耐高温、自润滑、易加工和高机械强度等优异性能的</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">特种工程塑料</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，其化学成分是</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">聚醚醚酮</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，分子结构如下：</span></span></span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 288px;height: auto !important;"></span></section><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．下列关于</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">结构和官能团的说法正确的是</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">    </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．该高分子材料中含有醚键、酮羰基和碳碳双键</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">B</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．分子结构中只含有醚键和酮羰基两种官能团</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．该物质含有苯环，属于苯的同系物</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">D</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">材料属于纯净物，有固定的熔点</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 356px;height: auto !important;"></span></section><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">PEEK</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">材料在医疗领域的重要应用之一是制作人工骨骼，其优势主要基于</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">    </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．导电性优异，可耐高温</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">B</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．可溶于体液，便于降解吸收</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．生物相容性好，且医学影像无伪影</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">D</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．成本低，且经久耐用</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">答案：</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1B </span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）略，别漏了</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2nHF</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">sp</span></span>^{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span>}<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> 可能    </span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">∶</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">∶</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;color: red;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3C</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">二、</span></span><b><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维复合材料</span></span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">人形机器人关节和躯体的许多地方也使用</span></span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维复合材料，这是一种由碳纤维（</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">由石墨微晶构成</span></span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）与树脂等基体材料复合而成的材料，具有高强度、低密度、耐腐蚀等特点。</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．以下关于碳纤维复合材料的描述正确的是</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">    </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。（双选）</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">A. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维是一种有机高分子材料，具有规则的空间网状结构</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">B. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维通过氢键与树脂结合</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维复合材料的结构特点使其兼具了碳纤维和基体材料的优点</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">D. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">碳纤维复合材料可以制作球拍、撑杆、赛车等体育用品</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．碳纤维复合材料中的碳纤维在一定条件下能与一些物质发生反应。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）在电解法冶炼金属时，石墨往往用作电极，是因为石墨具有</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">      </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">性，但在电解</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">Al</span></span>_{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span>}<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">O</span></span>_{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span>}</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">冶炼铝时,作为阳极的石墨要定期更换，则该电极上的电极方程式为</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">     </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，石墨参与反应的化学方程式为</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">       </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）基体材料中含铝合金（主要成分</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">Al</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">及少量</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">Mg</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">等），若将碳纤维复合材料浸泡在</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">NaOH</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">溶液中，铝元素将转化为</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">      </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（写微粒的化学式），该反应中的氧化剂是</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">    </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．工业上以丙烯腈（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">CH</span></span>_{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span>}<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">=CHCN</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）为原料制备碳纤维的一种流程如下：</span></span></span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 293px;height: auto !important;"></span></section><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">在预氧化过程中，聚丙烯腈分子链上的部分</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">−</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">H</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">键转化</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">−</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">OH</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">等。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）写出丙烯腈发生聚合反应生成聚丙烯腈的化学方程式</span></span></span><u><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">       </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）在预氧化过程中，</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">    </span></span></span></u><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（双选）。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．聚丙烯腈发生了氧化反应</span></span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">         </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">B</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．聚丙烯腈发生了加成反应</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">C</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．有共价键的断开和形成</span></span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">           </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">D</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">．有离子键断开和形成</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">）碳化过程可理解为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> “</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">烧掉杂质，只剩碳原子搭积木</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">”</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">。某研究小组用含杂质</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">a%</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（杂质不含碳元素）的丙烯腈制备碳纤维，若制备过程中碳元素的损失率为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">b%</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，最终得到含碳量为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">x%</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">的碳纤维</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">m g</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，则理论上需丙烯腈的质量为</span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">        </span></span></span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">g</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">（列出计算式即可）。</span></span></span></p><section nodeleaf=""><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 315px;height: auto !important;"></span></section><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;">三、稀土永磁材料</span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;MS Gothic&quot;;"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">稀土永磁材料在人形机器人中主要应用于驱动系统、传动关节及感知控制核心部件，它的特性直接决定机器人的运动精度与效能。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf="">……</span></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">四、</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">电子皮肤材料</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">导电高分子材料在人形机器人中主要用于</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;font-weight: normal;">触觉感知、运动监测</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">及仿生交互</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">的核心位置，凭借其高灵敏度、可拉伸性和轻量化特性，成为机器人</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;"> “</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">触觉神经</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">” </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">的关键载体。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf="">……</span></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">五、传感器材料</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">钙钛矿是指通式为</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">ABO</span></span>_{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span>}</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">的一类化合物，最早发现钙钛矿石中的</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">CaTiO</span></span>_{<span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">3</span></span>}</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">，因此而得名。钙钛矿型化合物可用作人形机器人的传感器的功能材料。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf="">……</span></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">六、人形机器人的动力来源</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">人形机器人的动力主要来自于锂电池和固态电池。</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">……</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><br></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(84, 0, 255);font-weight: bold;">《范汝广说化学》：</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(84, 0, 255);font-weight: bold;">18101846096</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(84, 0, 255);font-weight: bold;">（微信同号）</span></span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div><p></p>